Texas Insurance Code - INS § 843.072. Authorization Required to Act As Health Maintenance Organization

(a) A person, including a physician or provider, may not perform any act of a health maintenance organization except in accordance with the specific authorization of this chapter or other law.

(b) A person, including a physician or provider, who performs an act of a health maintenance organization that requires a certificate of authority under this chapter without first obtaining the certificate is subject to all enforcement processes and procedures available against an unauthorized insurer under Chapter 101 and Subchapter C, Chapter 36.  1

(c) This section does not apply to an activity exempt from regulation under Section 843.051(e), 843.053, 843.073, or 843.318.