Iowa Code Title XII. Business Entities [Chs. 486-504C] § 490.146. Defective corporate actions

1. A defective corporate action shall not be void or voidable if ratified in accordance with section 490.147 or validated in accordance with section 490.152.

2. Ratification under section 490.147 or validation under section 490.152 shall not be deemed to be the exclusive means of ratifying or validating any defective corporate action, and the absence or failure of ratification in accordance with this part shall not, of itself, affect the validity or effectiveness of any corporate action properly ratified under common law or otherwise, nor shall it create a presumption that any such corporate action is or was a defective corporate action or void or voidable.

3. In the case of an overissue, putative shares shall be valid shares effective as of the date originally issued or purportedly issued upon any of the following: