New York Consolidated Laws, Real Property Actions and Proceedings Law - RPA § 833. Recovery of fee damages by the owner of a possessory estate for life or for years

When the ownership of land is divided into a possessory estate for life or for years and one or more future interests, and a person having none of these interests causes damage to such land, the damages recoverable by the owner of such possessory interest from the wrongdoing third person may include damages caused to interests in the affected land other than those owned by parties to the action or proceeding when, but only when, all living persons who have either a possessory or a future interest in the affected land are parties thereto.  The court in which any such recovery of damages occurs shall make such direction for the distribution of the damages recovered among the persons who are parties to the action or proceeding and for the protection of the interests of persons who are not parties thereto, as justice may require.

A tenant for life or for years in the land damaged is entitled to receive from the recovery, in satisfaction of the damage to his estate or interest, either a sum in gross or the earnings of a sum invested for his benefit.  The determination as to whether a sum in gross or the earnings of a sum invested shall be awarded to the owner of such particular estate shall be governed by the provisions with respect to the proceeds of a sale in partition.