North Dakota Century Code Title 51. Sales and Exchanges § 51-36-03. Factors for bad faith assertion of infringement

1. The demand letter does not contain the following information:

2. Before sending the demand letter, the person fails to conduct an analysis comparing the claim in the patent to the target's product, service, or technology, or such an analysis was done but does not identify the specific area in which the product, service, or technology is covered by the claim in the patent.

3. The demand letter lacks the information described in subsection 1, the target requests the information, and the person fails to provide the information within a reasonable period of time.

4. The demand letter demands payment of a license fee or a response within an unreasonably short period of time.

5. The person offers to license the patent for an amount that is not based on a reasonable estimate of the value of the license.

6. The claim of patent infringement is unenforceable and the person knew, or should have known, the claim is unenforceable.

7. The claim of patent infringement is deceptive.

8. The person, a subsidiary, or an affiliate previously filed or threatened to file a lawsuit based on the same or a similar claim of patent infringement and:

9. The person making the assertion of infringement of a patent does not own or have the right to enforce or license the patent.

10. The person sent the same demand or substantially same demand to multiple recipients and made assertions against a variety of products and systems without reflecting product and system differences in a reasonable manner in the demands.

11. The person threatens legal action that cannot legally be taken or that is not intended to be taken.

12. The person represents a complaint has been filed alleging the target has infringed the patent when no complaint has been filed.

13. The claim of patent infringement is based on a patent or a claim of a patent that has expired or previously been held invalid or unenforceable in a final unappealable or unappealed judicial or administrative decision.

14. Any other factor the court finds relevant.