North Carolina General Statutes Chapter 55. North Carolina Business Corporation Act § 55-1-65. Effect of ratification

(1) Each defective corporate action ratified in accordance with G.S. 55-1-62 is not void or voidable as a result of the failure of authorization identified in the action taken under subsection (a) or (b) of G.S. 55-1-62 and is a valid corporate action effective as of the date of the defective corporate action.

(2) The issuance of each putative share or fraction of a putative share purportedly issued pursuant to a defective corporate action identified in the action taken under G.S. 55-1-62 is not void or voidable, and the putative share or fraction of the putative share is an identical share or fraction of a valid share as of the time it was purportedly issued.

(3) Any corporate action taken subsequent to the defective corporate action ratified in accordance with this Part in reliance on the defective corporate action having been validly effected and any subsequent defective corporate action resulting directly or indirectly from the original defective corporate action shall be valid as of the time taken.