North Carolina General Statutes Chapter 160D. Local Planning and Development Regulation § 160D-1405. Statutes of limitation

(a) Zoning Map Adoption or Amendments.--A cause of action as to the validity of any regulation adopting or amending a zoning map adopted under this Chapter or other applicable law or a development agreement adopted under Article 10 of this Chapter shall accrue upon adoption of such ordinance and shall be brought within 60 days as provided in G.S. 1-54.1.

(b) Text Adoption or Amendment.--Except as otherwise provided in subsection (a) of this section, an action challenging the validity of a development regulation adopted under this Chapter or other applicable law shall be brought within one year of the accrual of such action.  Such an action accrues when the party bringing such action first has standing to challenge the ordinance.  A challenge to an ordinance on the basis of an alleged defect in the adoption process shall be brought within three years after the adoption of the ordinance.

(c) Enforcement Defense.--Nothing in this section or in G.S. 1-54(10) or G.S. 1-54.1 shall bar a party in an action involving the enforcement of a development regulation from raising as a defense in such proceedings the invalidity of the ordinance.  Nothing in this section or in G.S. 1-54(10) or G.S. 1-54.1 shall bar a party who files a timely appeal from an order, requirement, decision, or determination made by an administrative official contending that such party is in violation of a development regulation from raising in the judicial appeal the invalidity of such ordinance as a defense to such order, requirement, decision, or determination.  A party in an enforcement action or appeal may not assert the invalidity of the ordinance on the basis of an alleged defect in the adoption process unless the defense is formally raised within three years of the adoption of the challenged ordinance.

(d) Quasi-Judicial Decisions.--Unless specifically provided otherwise, a petition for review of a quasi-judicial decision shall be filed with the clerk of superior court by the later of 30 days after the decision is effective or after a written copy thereof is given in accordance with G.S. 160D-406(j).  When first-class mail is used to deliver notice, three days shall be added to the time to file the petition.

(e) Others.--Except as provided by this section, the statutes of limitations shall be as provided in Subchapter II of Chapter 1 of the General Statutes.