Montana Title 27. Civil Liability, Remedies, and Limitations § 27-28-101. When proceeding may be instituted for unlawful assertion of authority

(1) a person who usurps, intrudes into, or unlawfully holds or exercises a public office, civil or military, or a franchise within this state or an office in a corporation created by the authority of this state;

(2) a public officer, civil or military, who does or suffers an act that, by the provisions of law, works a forfeiture of office;

(3) an association of persons who act as a corporation within this state without being legally incorporated.