Kansas Statutes Chapter 65. Public Health § 65-4105. Substances included in schedule I

(1)

Acetyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide)․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9821

(2)

Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylacetamide)

․․․․9815

(3)

Acetylmethadol․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9601

(4)

Acryl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacrylamide; acryloylfentanyl)

․․․․9811

(5)

AH-7921 (3,4-dichloro-N-[(1-dimethylamino)cyclohexylmethyl]benzamide)․․․․․․

․․․․9551

(6)

Allylprodine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9602

(7)

Alphacetylmethadol․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9603

(except levo-alphacetylmethadol also known as levo-alpha-acetylmethadol, levomethadyl acetate or LAAM)

(8)

Alphameprodine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9604

(9)

Alphamethadol․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9605

(10)

Alpha'-methyl butyryl fentanyl (2-methyl-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutanamide)

․․․․9864

(11)

Alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl)ethyl-4-piperidyl] propionanilide; 1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-(N-propanilido) piperidine)

․․․․9814

(12)

Alpha-methylthiofentanyl (N-[1-methyl-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide)

․․․․9832

(13)

Benzethidine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9606

(14)

Betacetylmethadol․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9607

(15)

Beta-hydroxyfentanyl (N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide)

․․․․9830

(16)

Beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl (other name: N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide)

․․․․9831

(17)

Beta-hydroxythiofentanyl (N-[1-[2-hydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl]piperidin-4-yl]-N-phenylpropionamide)

․․․․9836

(18)

Betameprodine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9608

(19)

Betamethadol․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9609

(20)

Beta-methyl fentanyl (N-phenyl-N-(1-(2-phenylpropyl)piperidin-4-yl)propionamide; also known as &bgr;-methyl fentanyl)

․․․․9856

(21)

Beta'-phenyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N, 3-diphenylpropanamide; also known as &bgr;'-phenyl fentanyl; 3-phenylpropanoyl fentanyl)

․․․․9842

(22)

Betaprodine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9611

(23)

Brorphine (1-(1-(1-(4-bromophenyl)ethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one)

․․․․9098

(24)

Butyryl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutyramide)․․․․․․․․

․․․․9822

(25)

Clonitazene․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9612

(26)

Crotonyl fentanyl ((E)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbut-2-enamide)

․․․․9844

(27)

Cyclopentyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylcyclopentanecarboxamide)

․․․․9847

(28)

Cyclopropyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylcyclopropanecarboxamide)

․․․․9845

(29)

Dextromoramide․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9613

(30)

Diampromide․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9615

(31)

Diethylthiambutene․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9616

(32)

Difenoxin․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9168

(33)

Dimenoxadol․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9617

(34)

Dimepheptanol․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9618

(35)

2',5'-Dimethoxyfentanyl (N-(1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpropionamide)

․․․․9861

(36)

Dimethylthiambutene․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9619

(37)

Dioxaphetyl butyrate․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9621

(38)

Dipipanone․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9622

(39)

Ethylmethylthiambutene․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9623

(40)

Etonitazene․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9624

(41)

Etoxeridine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9625

(42)

Fentanyl carbamate (ethyl (1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl) (phenyl)carbamate)․․․

․․․․9851

(43)

2'-Fluoro ortho-fluorofentanyl (N-(1-(2-fluorophenethyl)piperidin-4-yl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)propionamide; also known as 2'-fluoro 2-fluorofentanyl)

․․․․9855

(44)

Furanyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylfuran-2-carboxamide)

․․․․9834

(45)

3-Furanyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylfuran-3-carboxamide)

․․․․9860

(46)

Furethidine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9626

(47)

Hydroxypethidine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9627

(48)

Isobutyryl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylisobutyramide)․․

․․․․9827

(49)

Isotonitazene (N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4 isopropoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine; N,N-diethyl-2-[[4-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]methyl]-5-nitro-1 H-benzimidazole-1-ethanamine)

․․․․9614

(50)

Isovaleryl fentanyl (3-methyl- N -(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbutanamide)

․․․․9862

(51)

Ketobemidone․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9628

(52)

Levomoramide․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9629

(53)

Levophenacylmorphan․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9631

(54)

Meta -Fluorofentanyl (N -(3-fluorophenyl)- N -(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)propionamide)

․․․․9857

(55)

Meta -Fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl ( N -(3-fluorophenyl)- N--(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide)

․․․․9858

(56)

Methoxyacetyl fentanyl (2-methoxy-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide)

․․․․9825

(57)

4'-Methyl acetyl fentanyl (N-(1-(4-methylphenethyl) piperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide)

․․․․9819

(58)

3-Methylfentanyl (N-[3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide)

․․․․9813

(59)

3-Methylthiofentanyl (N-[(3-methyl-1-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide)

․․․․9833

(60)

Metonitazene (N,N-diethyl-2-(2-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5-nitro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)ethan-1-amine)

․․․․9757

(61)

Morpheridine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9632

(62)

MPPP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9661

(63)

MT-45 (1-cychohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl) piperazine)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9560

(64)

Noracymethadol․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9633

(65)

Norlevorphanol․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9634

(66)

Normethadone․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9635

(67)

Norpipanone․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9636

(68)

Ocfentanil (N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl) acetamide)

․․․․9838

(69)

O-desmethyltramadol (Some trade or other names: 2-((dimethylamino)methyl-1-(3-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexanol;3-(2-((dimethylamino)methyl)-1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol)

(70)

Ortho-fluoroacryl fentanyl (N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acrylamide)

․․․․9852

(71)

Ortho-fluorobutyryl fentanyl (N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)butyramide; also known as 2-fluorobutyryl fentanyl)

․․․․9846

(72)

Ortho-fluorofentanyl (N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)propionamide; 2-fluorofentanyl)

․․․․9816

(73)

Ortho -Fluorofuranyl fentanyl ( N -(2-fluorophenyl)- N--(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)furan-2-carboxamide)

․․․․9863

(74)

(Ortho-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (N-(2-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide)

․․․․9853

(75)

Ortho-methyl acetylfentanyl (N-(2-methylphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acetamide; also known as 2-methyl acetylfentanyl)

․․․․9848

(76)

Ortho-methyl methoxyacetyl fentanyl (2-methoxy-N-(2-methylphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)acetamide; also known as 2-methyl methoxyacetyl fentanyl)

․․․․9820

(77)

Para-chloroisobutyryl fentanyl (N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide)

․․․․9826

(78)

Para-fluorobutyryl fentanyl (N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)butyramide)

․․․․9823

(79)

Para-fluorofentanyl (N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[1-(2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]propanamide)

․․․․9812

(80)

Para-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl (N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)isobutyramide, 4-fluoroisobutyryl fentanyl)

․․․․9824

(81)

Para-fluoro furanyl fentanyl (N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)furan-2-carboxamide)

․․․․9854

(82)

Para-methoxybutyryl fentanyl (N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)butyramide)

․․․․9837

(83)

Para -Methoxyfuranyl fentanyl ( N -(4-methoxyphenyl)- N -(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)furan-2-carboxamide

․․․․9859

(84)

para -Methylcyclopropyl fentanyl ( N -(4-methylphenyl)- N -(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl) cyclopropanecarboxamide)

․․․․9865

(85)

Para-methylfentanyl (N-(4-methylphenyl)-N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)propionamide; also known as 4-methylfentanyl)

․․․․9817

(86)

PEPAP (1-(-2-phenethyl)-4-phenyl-4-acetoxypiperidine)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9663

(87)

Phenadoxone․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9637

(88)

Phenampromide․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9638

(89)

Phenomorphan․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9647

(90)

Phenoperidine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9641

(91)

Phenyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylbenzamide; also known as benzoyl fentanyl)

․․․․9841

(92)

Piritramide․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9642

(93)

Proheptazine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9643

(94)

Properidine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9644

(95)

Propiram․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9649

(96)

Racemoramide․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9645

(97)

Tetrahydrofuranyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenyltetrahydrofuran-2-carboxamide)

․․․․9843

(98)

Thiofentanyl (N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-propanamide)․․․

․․․․9835

(99)

Thiofuranyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylthiophene-2-carboxamide; also known as 2-thiofuranyl fentanyl; thiophene fentanyl)

․․․․9839

(100)

Tilidine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9750

(101)

Trimeperidine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9646

(102)

U-47700 (3,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylbenzamide)․․․

․․․․9547

(103)

Valeryl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylpentanamide)․․․․․․․

․․․․9840

(104)

Zipeprol (1-methoxy-3-[4-(2-methoxy-2-phenylethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-1-phenylpropan-2-ol)

․․․․9873

(1)

Acetorphine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9319

(2)

Acetyldihydrocodeine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9051

(3)

Benzylmorphine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9052

(4)

Codeine methylbromide․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9070

(5)

Codeine-N-Oxide․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9053

(6)

Cyprenorphine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9054

(7)

Desomorphine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9055

(8)

Dihydromorphine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9145

(9)

Drotebanol․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9335

(10)

Etorphine (except hydrochloride salt)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9056

(11)

Heroin․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9200

(12)

Hydromorphinol․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9301

(13)

Methyldesorphine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9302

(14)

Methyldihydromorphine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9304

(15)

Morphine methylbromide․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9305

(16)

Morphine methylsulfonate․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9306

(17)

Morphine-N-Oxide․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9307

(18)

Myrophine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9308

(19)

Nicocodeine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9309

(20)

Nicomorphine

(21)

Normorphine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9313

(22)

Pholcodine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9314

(23)

Thebacon․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․9315

(1)

Alpha-ethyltryptamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7249

Some trade or other names: etryptamine; Monase; &agr;-ethyl-1H-indole-3-ethanamine; 3-(2-aminobutyl) indole; &agr;-ET; and AET.

(2)

4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7391

Some trade or other names: 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine; 4-bromo-2,5-DMA.

(3)

2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7396

Some trade or other names: 2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methyl-phenethylamine; 2,5-DMA.

(4)

4-methoxyamphetamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7411

Some trade or other names: 4-methoxy-alpha-methylphene-thylamine; paramethoxyamphetamine; PMA.

(5)

5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7401

(6)

4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7395

Some trade or other names: 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-alpha-methylphenethylamine; “DOM”; and “STP”.

(7)

3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7400

(8)

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7405

(9)

3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (also known as N-ethyl-alpha-methyl-3,4 (methylenedioxy) phenethylamine, N-ethyl MDA, MDE, and MDEA)

․․․․7404

(10)

N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (also known as N-hydroxy-alpha-methyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy) phenethylamine, and N-hydroxy MDA)

․․․․7402

(11)

3,4,5-trimethoxy amphetamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7390

(12)

Bufotenine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7433

Some trade or other names: 3-(Beta-Dimethylaminoethyl)-5-hydroxyindole; 3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-5-indolol; N, N-dimethylserotonin; 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; mappine.

(13)

Diethyltryptamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7434

Some trade or other names: N,N-Diethyltryptamine; DET.

(14)

Dimethyltryptamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7435

Some trade or other names: DMT.

(15)

Ibogaine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7260

Some trade or other names: 7-Ethyl-6,6 Beta,7,8,9,10,12,13-octahydro-2-methoxy-6,9-methano-5H-pyrido[1',2':1,2]azepino[5,4-b]indole; Tabernanthe iboga

(16)

Lysergic acid diethylamide․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7315

(17)

Marijuana․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7360

(18)

Mescaline․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7381

(19)

Parahexyl․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7374

Some trade or other names: 3-Hexyl-l-hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran; Synhexyl.

(20)

Peyote․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7415

Meaning all parts of the plant presently classified botanically as Lophophora williamsii Lemaire, whether growing or not, the seeds thereof, any extract from any part of such plant, and every compound, manufacture, salts, derivative, mixture or preparation of such plant, its seeds or extracts.

(21)

N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7482

(22)

N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7484

(23)

Psilocybin․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7437

(24)

Psilocyn․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7438

Some trade or other names: Psilocin.

(25)

Ethylamine analog of phencyclidine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7455

Some trade or other names: N-ethyl-1-phenyl-cyclo-hexylamine; (1-phenylcyclohexyl)ethylamine; N-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)ethylamine; cyclohexamine; PCE.

(26)

Pyrrolidine analog of phencyclidine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7458

Some trade or other names: 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-pyrrolidine; PCPy; PHP.

(27)

Thiophene analog of phencyclidine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7470

Some trade or other names: 1-[1-(2-thienyl)-cyclohexyl]-piperidine; 2-thienyl analog of phencyclidine; TPCP; TCP.

(28)

1-[1-(2-thienyl)-cyclohexyl] pyrrolidine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7473

Some other names: TCPy.

(29)

2,5-dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7399

Some trade or other names: DOET.

(30)

Salvia divinorum or salvinorum A; all parts of the plant presently classified botanically as salvia divinorum, whether growing or not, the seeds thereof, any extract from any part of such plant, and every compound, manufacture, salts, derivative, mixture or preparation of such plant, its seeds or extracts.

(31)

Datura stramonium, commonly known as gypsum weed or jimson weed; all parts of the plant presently classified botanically as datura stramonium, whether growing or not, the seeds thereof, any extract from any part of such plant, and every compound, manufacture, salts, derivative, mixture or preparation of such plant, its seeds or extracts.

(32)

1-(3-[trifluoromethylphenyl])piperazine

Some trade or other names: TFMPP.

(33)

4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7392

(34)

2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7), its optical isomers, salts and salts of optical isomers

․․․․7348

(35)

Alpha-methyltryptamine (other name: AMT)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7432

(36)

5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT), its isomers, salts and salts of isomers

․․․․7439

(37)

2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-E)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7509

(38)

2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-D)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7508

(39)

2-(4-Chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-C)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7519

(40)

2-(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-I)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7518

(41)

2-[4-(Ethylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl]ethanamine (2C-T-2)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7385

(42)

2-[4-(Isopropylthio)-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl] ethanamine (2C-T-4)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7532

(43)

2-(2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethanamine (2C-H)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7517

(44)

2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)ethanamine (2C-N)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7521

(45)

2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylphenyl)ethanamine (2C-P)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7524

(46)

5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7431

Some trade or other names: 5-methoxy-3-[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl]indole.

(47)

2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7538

Some trade or other names: 25I-NBOMe; 2C-I-NBOMe; 25I; Cimbi-5.

(48)

2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7537

Some trade or other names: 25C-NBOMe; 2C-C-NBOMe; 25C; Cimbi-82.

(49)

2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7536

Some trade or other names: 25B-NBOMe; 2C-B-NBOMe; 25B; Cimbi-36.

(50)

2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine

Some trade or other names: 25H-NBOMe.

(51)

2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine

Some trade or other names: 25D-NBOMe; 2C-D-NBOMe.

(52)

2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine

Some trade or other names: 25N-NBOMe, 2C-N-NBOMe.

(53)

1-(5-fluoropentyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1 H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide (5F-CUMYL-P7AICA)

․․․․7085

(54)

2-(ethylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one (other names: methoxetamine, MXE)

․․․․7286

(55)

1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-methylpropan-2-amine (other names: para-methoxymethamphetamine, PMMA)

․․․․1245

(1)

Etizolam․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․2780

Some trade or other names: (4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-ethyl-9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]diazepine)

(2)

Mecloqualone․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․2572

(3)

Methaqualone․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․2565

(4)

Gamma hydroxybutyric acid․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․2010

(5)

8-chloro-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-benzo[f] [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers (other name: flualprazolam)

․․․․2785

(6)

6-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-8-nitro-4H-benzo[f] [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers (other name: clonazolam)

․․․․2786

(7)

8-bromo-6-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-benzo[f] [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepine, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers (other name: flubromazolam)

․․․․2788

(8)

7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e] [1,4]diazepin-2-one, its salts, isomers, and salts of isomers (other name: diclazepam)

․․․․2789

(1)

Aminorex․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․1585

Some other names: Aminoxaphen 2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline or 4,5-dihydro-5-phenyl-2-oxazolamine

(2)

Fenethylline․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․1503

(3)

N-ethylamphetamine․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․1475

(4)

(+)cis-4-methylaminorex ((+)cis-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolamine)

․․․․1590

(5)

N,N-dimethylamphetamine (also known as N,N-alpha-trimethyl-benzeneethanamine; N,N-alpha-trimethylphenethylamine)

․․․․1480

(6)

Cathinone (some other names: 2-amino-1-phenol-1-propanone, alpha-amino propiophenone, 2-amino propiophenone and norphedrone)

․․․․1235

(7)

Substituted cathinones

Any compound, except bupropion or compounds listed under a different schedule, structurally derived from 2-aminopropan-1-one by substitution at the 1-position with either phenyl, naphthyl, or thiophene ring systems, whether or not the compound is further modified in any of the following ways:

(A) By substitution in the ring system to any extent with alkyl, alkylenedioxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl, hydroxyl, or halide substituents, whether or not further substituted in the ring system by one or more other univalent substituents;

(B) by substitution at the 3-position with an acyclic alkyl substituent;

(C) by substitution at the 2-amino nitrogen atom with alkyl, dialkyl, benzyl, or methoxybenzyl groups; or

(D) by inclusion of the 2-amino nitrogen atom in a cyclic structure.

(8)

N-benzylpiperazine (other names: BZP, 1-benzylpiprazine)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7493

(9)

Methiopropamine (N-methyl-1-(thiophen-2-yl)propan-2-amine)․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․1478

(10)

4,4'-Dimethylaminorex (4,4'-DMAR; 4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-2-oxazolamine; 4-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-2-amine)

․․․․1595

(11)

Amineptine (7-[(10,11-dihydro-5 H-dibenzo[a,d] cyclohepten-5-yl)amino]heptanoic acid)

․․․․1219

(12)

Mesocarb (N-phenyl-N '-(3-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1,2,3-oxadiazol-3-ium-5-yl)carbamimidate)

․․․․1227

(1)

N-[1-benzyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide (benzylfentanyl), its optical isomers, salts and salts of isomers

(2)

N-[1-(2-thienyl)methyl-4-piperidyl]-N-phenylpropanamide (thenylfentanyl), its optical isomers, salts and salts of isomers

(3)

Tianeptine, its optical isomers, salts and salts of isomers

(1)

Tetrahydrocannabinols․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․

․․․․7370

Meaning tetrahydrocannabinols naturally contained in a plant of the genus Cannabis (cannabis plant), as well as synthetic equivalents of the substances contained in the plant, or in the resinous extractives of Cannabis, sp. and/or synthetic substances, derivatives, and their isomers with similar chemical structure and pharmacological activity such as the following: Delta 1 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers Delta 6 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their optical isomers Delta 3,4 cis or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and its optical isomers (Since nomenclature of these substances is not internationally standardized, compounds of these structures, regardless of numerical designation of atomic positions covered.), except tetrahydrocannabinols in any of the following:

(A) Industrial hemp, as defined in K.S.A. 2-3901, and amendments thereto;

(B) solid waste, as defined in K.S.A. 65-3402, and amendments thereto, and hazardous waste, as defined in K.S.A. 65-3430, and amendments thereto, if such waste is the result of the cultivation, production or processing of industrial hemp, as defined in K.S.A. 2-3901, and amendments thereto, and such waste contains a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0.3%; or

(C) hemp products, as defined in K.S.A. 2-3901, and amendments thereto, unless otherwise deemed unlawful pursuant to K.S.A. 2-3908, and amendments thereto.

(2)

Naphthylmethylindoles

Any compound containing a 1H-indol-3-yl-(1-naphthyl)methane structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the indole group by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group whether or not further substituted on the indole group to any extent and whether or not substituted on the benzyl or naphthyl ring to any extent.

(3)

Naphthoylpyrroles

Any compound containing a 3-(1-naphthoyl)pyrrole structure with substitution at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole group by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group whether or not further substituted on the pyrrole group to any extent, whether or not substituted on the benzyl or naphthyl ring to any extent.

(4)

Naphthylmethylindenes

Any compound containing a naphthylmethylindene structure with substitution at the 3-position of the indene group by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group whether or not further substituted on the indene group to any extent, whether or not substituted on the benzyl or naphthyl ring to any extent.

(5)

Cyclohexylphenols

Any compound containing a 2-(3-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenol structure with substitution at the 5-position of the phenolic ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group whether or not substituted on the cyclohexyl ring to any extent.

(6)

2,3-Dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-napthalenylmethanone.

Some trade or other names: WIN 55,212-2.

(7)

9-(hydroxymethyl)-6, 6-dimethyl-3-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol

Some trade or other names: HU-210, HU-211.

(8)

Indole-3-carboxylate esters

Any compound containing a 1H-indole-3-carboxylate ester structure with the ester oxygen bearing a naphthyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl or adamantyl group and substitution at the 1 position of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, adamantyl or benzyl groups to any extent.

(9)

Indazole-3-carboxamides

Any compound containing a 1H-indazole-3-carboxamide structure with substitution at the nitrogen of the carboxamide by a naphthyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, adamantyl, benzyl, 1-amino-1-oxoalkan-2-yl or 1-alkoxy-1-oxoalkan-2-yl group and substitution at the 1 position of the indazole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the indazole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, adamantyl, 1-amino-1-oxoalkan-2-yl, 1-alkoxy-1-oxoalkan-2-yl or benzyl groups to any extent.

(10)

Indole-3-carboxamides

Any compound containing a 1H-indole-3-carboxamide structure with substitution at the nitrogen of the carboxamide by a naphthyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, adamantyl, benzyl, 1-amino-1-oxoalkan-2-yl or 1-alkoxy-1-oxoalkan-2-yl group and substitution at the 1 position of the indole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not further substituted on the naphthyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, adamantyl, 1-amino-1-oxoalkan-2-yl, 1-alkoxy-1-oxoalkan-2-yl or benzyl groups to any extent.

(11)

(1H-indazol-3-yl)methanones

Any compound containing a (1H-indazol-3-yl)methanone structure with the carbonyl carbon bearing a naphthyl group and substitution at the 1 position of the indazole ring by an alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, or 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the indazole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl or benzyl groups to any extent.

(12)

(1H-indol-3-yl)methanones

Any compound containing a (1H-indol-3-yl)methanone structure with the carbonyl carbon bearing a naphthyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, adamantyl, phenyl, benzyl or tetramethylcyclopropyl group and substitution at the 1 position of the indole ring by an alkyl,haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkylmethyl, cycloalkylethyl, benzyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-piperidinyl)methyl, 2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl, 1-(N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl, 1-(N-methyl-3-morpholinyl)methyl, or tetrahydropyranylmethyl group, whether or not further substituted on the indole ring to any extent and whether or not substituted on the naphthyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, adamantyl, phenyl, benzyl or tetramethylcyclopropyl groups to any extent.