Code of Federal Regulations Title 46. Shipping § 46.550.301 Findings

(a) Impose upon vessels in the foreign trade of the United States fees, charges, requirements, or restrictions different from those imposed on other vessels competing in the trade, or preclude vessels in the foreign trade of the United States from competing in the trade on the same basis as any other vessel;

(b) Reserve substantial cargoes to the national flag or other vessels and fail to provide, on reasonable terms, for effective and equal access to such cargo by vessels in the foreign trade of the United States;

(c) Are discriminatory or unfair as between carriers, shippers, exporters, importers, or ports or between exporters from the United States and their foreign competitors and which cannot be justified under generally accepted international agreements or practices and which operate to the detriment of the foreign commerce or the public interest of the United States;

(d) Restrict or burden a carrier's intermodal movements or shore-based maritime activities, including terminal operations and cargo solicitation;  agency services;  ocean transportation intermediary services and operations;  or other activities and services integral to transportation systems;  or

(e) Are otherwise unfavorable to shipping in the foreign trade of the United States.