California Code, Harbors and Navigation Code - HNC § 448.5

(a) It shall be understood and agreed, and shall be the essence of the marine exchange's operation of the vessel traffic service, that the marine exchange act as agent of each vessel subject to the requirements of this article within the VTS area in providing vessel traffic information and performing all other acts incidental to operation of the vessel traffic service.

(b) No vessel subject to the requirements of this article shall assert any claim against the marine exchange or any officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange for any damage, loss, or expense, including any rights of indemnity or other rights of any kind, sustained by the vessel or its owners, agents, charterers, operators, crew, or third parties arising out of, or connected with, directly or indirectly, the marine exchange's operation of the vessel traffic service, even though resulting in whole or in part from negligent acts or omissions, of the marine exchange or any officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange.

(c) Each vessel subject to the requirements of this article shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the marine exchange and its officers, directors, employees, and representatives from any and all claims, suits, or actions of any nature by whomsoever asserted, even though resulting or alleged to have resulted from negligent acts or omissions of the marine exchange or an officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange.

(d) Nothing in subdivisions (b) and (c) shall affect liability or rights that may arise by reason of the gross negligence or intentional or willful misconduct of the marine exchange or an officer, director, employee, or representative of the marine exchange in the operation of the vessel traffic service.